study guide for Chapter 12

study guide for test on Chapter 12 - Monday

-First and foremost understand all the vocabulary.

-use the practice test in the book at the end of the chapter

- understand what causes the type and properties of matter to change is the number of subatomic particles and the way they interact.

Explain what the cathode ray experiment helped prove

Explain what the gold foil experiment helped prove- and explain why the particles went through the gold foil.

What is an electron cloud?

-know how to draw any isotope

examples

C-14

C-15

C-10

etc

- know how to draw any ion

He¹⁺  He²⁺  He^3-  He^4-

know how to draw isotope - ion combinations

for example: Oxygen – 15 ²⁺   or Cl – 40 ³⁺

know the size of an atom, size of the nucleus, mass of a proton, mass of a neutron, mass of an electron in scientific notation

d, g period - know scientific notation problems

know what role the strong force plays in radioactive dcecay

know why strong force decreases in usefulness as the size of the nucleus increases

honors: know the difference between alpha, beta and gamma -

honors: describe half-life and its uses

honors: other

the Moon

Answer one of the following.

Do Now: Would you like to visit the moon, why or why not?

or

Do you believe we will have a lunar colony in your lifetime?  Why or why not?

Do Now:Strong Force:

Do Now #_____ What is the strong force and why don't you think it holds the nucleus of larger atoms together as well as smaller atoms?




This video has a nice explanation of why the strong force can't hold larger atoms together as well as smaller atoms hence causing radioactive elements. Watch from 3:49 seconds on or just watch the whole thing.

Half Life - From Wikipedia -

Good Links
Click Here

or here
In general, the half-life of a nuclide depends solely on its nuclear properties; it is not affected by external factors such as temperature, pressure, chemical environment, or presence of a magnetic or electric field.[3][4][5] (For some nuclides which decay by the process of electron capture, such as beryllium-7, strontium-85, and zirconium-89, the decay rate may be slightly affected by local electron density, therefore these isotopes may not be as suitable for radiometric dating.) But in general, the half-life of any nuclide is essentially a constant. Therefore, in any material containing a radioactive nuclide, the proportion of the original nuclide to its decay product(s) changes in a predictable way as the original nuclide decays over time. This predictability allows the relative abundances of related nuclides to be used as a clock to measure the time from the incorporation of the original nuclide(s) into a material to the present.

IONS

Do Now# _____ Define Ion and then draw an ion of helium. Clearly label your protons, neutrons and electrons.

Do Now # ___

Define: Atomic number, mass number and isotope and then draw an isotope of Carbon. (Clearly label your protons, neutrons and electrons.)

Stephen Hawkings - Aliens - Into the Universe